An approach for joint estimation of physical and logical security by semantic modelling

Key activities in critical systems are the monitoring, observation and comprehension of different phenomena, aimed at providing an updated and meaningful description of the monitored scenario, as well as its possible evolutions, to enable proper decisions and countermeasures for the protection and safety of people and things. The threats coming from many different sources, internally and externally. The diffusion of new technologies have made more accessible the assets of a system. In this thesis we demonstrate that the use of a semantic model for the information management it is suitable in order to meet these issues. In particular, thesis proposes and implement a methodology and approach for the early situation awareness recognizing a threat situation on time, for decision support to automatically activate recovery strategies. The threat on which the thesis focus on are regarded the logical and physical security. In particular for the logical security estimation will be presented a an approach guided by metrics. Then will be presented some results and example of real application

Ensuring Cyber-Security in Smart Railway Surveillance with SHIELD

Modern railways feature increasingly complex embedded computing systems for surveillance, that are moving towards fully wireless smart-sensors. Those systems are aimed at monitoring system status from a physical-security viewpoint, in order to detect intrusions and other environmental anomalies. However, the same systems used for physical-security surveillance are vulnerable to cyber-security threats, since they feature distributed hardware and software architectures often interconnected by ‘open networks’, like wireless channels and the Internet. In this paper, we show how the integrated approach to Security, Privacy and Dependability (SPD) in embedded systems provided by the SHIELD framework (developed within the EU funded pSHIELD and nSHIELD research projects) can be applied to railway surveillance systems in order to measure and improve their SPD level. SHIELD implements a layered architecture (node, network, middleware and overlay) and orchestrates SPD mechanisms based on ontology models, appropriate metrics and composability. The results of prototypical application to a real-world demonstrator show the effectiveness of SHIELD and justify its practical applicability in industrial settings

Estrategias para desarrollar la experiencia y el consumo del turismo millennial en Lima

La presente investigación ha sido desarrollada con el fin de identificar las principales estrategias que deberán ser implementadas para mejorar la experiencia y el consumo de los turistas millennials en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Esta tesis se enmarca dentro de la línea de investigación: “Gestión Estratégica y Modelos de Negocios”. Lima es una ciudad con mucho potencial para crecer y explotar su oferta turística, y así, recibir a una gran cantidad de extranjeros, que permita generar mayor número de empleos e ingresos al país; sin embargo, dicho potencial no es aprovechado ni adecuadamente promocionado. Es por este motivo, que la investigación busca responder a la siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias adecuadas para mejorar la experiencia y el consumo del turista Millennial en Lima? En ese sentido, la investigación estará enfocada en los pilares mencionados: experiencia y consumo, ya que resulta importante mejorar la satisfacción del turista que visita Lima, así como generar mayor rentabilidad a la ciudad y al país. De esta manera el turismo cumplirá su objetivo, el de lograr satisfacer a los turistas y a los proveedores de servicios turísticos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar las estrategias idóneas para mejorar la experiencia y el consumo del turista Millennial en Lima, de manera que se logre atraer a una mayor cantidad de turistas a la ciudad. Resulta importante implementar las estrategias para reactivar el turismo y lograr que Lima se convierta en una de las principales ciudades turísticas de Latinoamérica. El turismo engloba en general el desarrollo del país, por lo que también beneficiaría a los diferentes servicios asociados, como hoteles, restaurantes y afines.This research has been developed to identify the main strategies that should be implemented to improve the experience and consumption of millennial tourists in the city of Lima, Peru. In that sense, the line of research considered for this project is “Strategic Management and Business Models” Lima is a city with a lot of potential to grow and exploit its tourist offer, and thus, receive many foreign tourists, which will allow the country to generate more jobs and income; however, this potential is not well exploited or promoted. For this reason, the research seeks to answer the following question: What are the appropriate strategies to improve the experience and consumption of the millennial tourist in Lima? In this sense, the research will be focused on the mentioned pillars: experience and consumption, since it is important to improve the satisfaction of the tourists who visits Lima, as well as to generate more profitability to the city and country. In this way, tourism will fulfill its objective, satisfying tourists and tourism service providers. The main objective of this research is to determine the ideal strategies to improve the experience and consumption of the millennial tourists in Lima, to attract a greater number of tourists to the city. It is important to implement the right strategies to reactivate tourism and transform Lima into one of the main touristic cities in Latin America. Tourism encompasses the development of the country, so it also benefits the different associated services, such as hotels, restaurants, entertainment, and others

Species-specific calcite production reveals Coccolithus pelagicus as the key calcifier in the Arctic Ocean

Through the production and export of their calcite coccoliths, coccolithophores form a key component of the global carbon cycle. Despite this key role, very little is known about the biogeochemical role of different coccolithophore species in terms of calcite production, and how these species will respond to future climate change and ocean acidification. Here, we present the first study to estimate species-specific calcite production, from samples collected in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic Iceland Basin in June 2012. We show that although the coccolithophorid Coccolithus pelagicus comprised only a small fraction of the total community in terms of abundance (2%), our estimates indicate that it was the major calcite producer in the Arctic Ocean and Iceland Basin (57% of total calcite production). In contrast, Emiliania huxleyi formed 27% of the total abundance and was responsible for only 20% of the calcite production. That C. pelagicus was able to dominate calcite production was due to its relatively high cellular calcite content compared with the other species present. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the importance of investigating the complete coccolithophore community when considering pelagic calcite production, as relatively rare but heavily calcified species such as C. pelagicus can be the key calcite producers in mixed communities. Therefore, the response of C. pelagicus to ocean acidification and climate change has the potential to have a major impact on carbon cycling within the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean

Quantum walks of two correlated photons in a 2D synthetic lattice

Quantum walks represent paradigmatic quantum evolutions, enabling powerful applications in the context of topological physics and quantum computation. They have been implemented in diverse photonic architectures, but the realization of a two-particle dynamics on a multi-dimensional lattice has hitherto been limited to continuous-time evolutions. To fully exploit the computational capabilities of quantum interference it is crucial to develop platforms handling multiple photons that propagate across multi-dimensional lattices. Here, we report a discrete-time quantum walk of two correlated photons in a two-dimensional lattice, synthetically engineered by manipulating a set of optical modes carrying quantized amounts of transverse momentum. Mode-couplings are introduced via the polarization-controlled diffractive action of thin geometric-phase optical elements. The entire platform is compact, efficient, scalable, and represents a versatile tool to simulate quantum evolutions on complex lattices. We expect that it will have a strong impact on diverse fields such as quantum state engineering, topological quantum photonics, and Boson Sampling.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure

Quantum walks of two correlated photons in a 2D synthetic lattice

Quantum walks represent paradigmatic quantum evolutions, enabling powerful applications in the context of topological physics and quantum computation. They have been implemented in diverse photonic architectures, but the realization of two-particle dynamics on a multidimensional lattice has hitherto been limited to continuous-time evolutions. To fully exploit the computational capabilities of quantum interference it is crucial to develop platforms handling multiple photons that propagate across multidimensional lattices. Here, we report a discrete-time quantum walk of two correlated photons in a two-dimensional lattice, synthetically engineered by manipulating a set of optical modes carrying quantized amounts of transverse momentum. Mode-couplings are introduced via the polarization-controlled diffractive action of thin geometric-phase optical elements. The entire platform is compact, efficient, scalable, and represents a versatile tool to simulate quantum evolutions on complex lattices. We expect that it will have a strong impact on diverse fields such as quantum state engineering, topological quantum photonics, and Boson Sampling

Cat-scratch disease presenting as multiple hepatic lesions: case report and literature review

Although infectious diseases are the most prevalent cause of fevers of unknown origin (FUO), this diagnosis remains challenging in some pediatric patients. Imaging exams, such as computed tomography (CT) are frequently required during the diagnostic processes. The presence of multiple hypoattenuating scattered images throughout the liver associated with the history of cohabitation with cats should raise the suspicion of the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease (CSD), although the main etiologic agent of liver abscesses in childhood is Staphylococcus aureus. Differential diagnosis by clinical and epidemiological data with Bartonella henselae is often advisable. The authors report the case of a boy aged 2 years and 9 months with 16-day history of daily fever accompanied by intermittent abdominal pain. Physical examination was unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound performed in the initial work up was unrevealing, but an abdominal CT that was performed afterwards disclosed multiple hypoattenuating hepatic images compatible with the diagnosis of micro abscesses. Initial antibiotic regimen included cefotaxime, metronidazole, and oxacillin. Due to the epidemiology of close contact with kittens, diagnosis of CSD was considered and confirmed by serologic tests. Therefore, the initial antibiotics were replaced by clarithromycin orally for 14 days followed by fever defervescence and clinical improvement. The authors call attention to this uncommon diagnosis in a child presenting with FUO and multiple hepatic images suggestive of micro abscesses

Estudo exploratório sobre a efetividade da estratégia de saúde da família na redução dos óbitos pelas principais parasitoses intestinais infantis na região Nordeste

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar o perfil dos óbitos das principais parasitosesintestinais infantis no Nordeste do Brasil e sua correlação com a cobertura da atenção primáriaà saúde. Para tanto, foram analisados dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM),disponíveis no Tabnet - DATASUS, de óbitos pelas principais parasitoses na região:ancilostomíase (B76), ascaridíase (B77), giardíase (A07.1), amebíase (A06) e estrongiloidíase(B78), entre os anos de 2010 e 2019, em especial em menores de 5 anos. Não foramencontradas relações estatisticamente significativas entre coeficientes de mortalidade dasparasitoses em estados nordestinos e a cobertura de agentes comunitários de saúde nosmesmos locais. Por fim, percebeu-se que houve um declínio de cobertura de agentes de saúdena maioria dos estados dentro do período estudado. Como possível limitação ao escopo destetrabalho, considera-se a possibilidade de subnotificação de óbitos em razão, sobretudo, daconcomitância entre as doenças estudadas e outras condiçõe

Health Services Utilization, Work Absenteeism and Costs of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Spain: A Multicenter-Longitudinal Study

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate healthcare resource utilization, work absenteeism and cost per patient with pandemic influenza (H1N1)2009, from its beginning to March 2010, in Spain. We also estimated the economic impact on healthcare services. Methods and Findings: Longitudinal, descriptive,multicenter study of in- and outpatients with confirmed diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) in Spain. Temporal distribution of cases was comparable to that in Spain. Information of healthcare and social resources used from one week before admission (inpatient) or index-medical visit (outpatient) until recovery was gathered. Unit cost was imputed to utilization frequency for the monetary valuation of use. Mean cost per patient was calculated. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, and variables correlated with cost per patient were identified. Economic impact on the healthcare system was estimated using healthcare costs per patient and both, the reported number of confirmed and clinical cases in Spain. 172 inpatients and 224 outpatients were included. Less than 10% were over 65 years old and more than 50% had previous comorbidities. 12.8% of inpatients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Mean length of hospital stay of patients not requiring critical care was 5 days (SD =4.4). All working-inpatients and 91.7% working-outpatients went on sick leave. On average, work absenteeism was 30.5 days (SD=20.7) for the first ones and 9 days (SD= 6.3) for the latest. Caregivers of 21.7% of inpatients and 8.5% of outpatients also had work absenteeism during 10.7 and 4.1 days on average respectively. Mean cost was J6,236/inpatient (CI95%=1,384-14,623) and J940/outpatient (CI95% =66-3,064). The healthcare economic burden of patients with confirmed influenza was J144,773,577 (IC95% 13,753,043-383,467,535). More than 86% of expenditures were a result of outpatients" utilization. Conclusion: Cost per H1N1-patient did not defer much from seasonal influenza estimates. Hospitalizations and work absenteeism represented the highest cost per patient